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Scientific Literatures

The following peer-reviewed publications and official guidance documents are provided for general reference and educational purposes only. They reflect current scientific research and professional guidance related to aerosol generation, bioaerosol exposure, and infection prevention considerations in endoscopic and respiratory procedures. ​

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Aerosol Generation in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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  • Phillips F, Crowley J, Warburton S, et al. Aerosol and droplet generation in upper and lower GI endoscopy: whole procedure and event-based analysis. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2022; 96(4): 603–611.

 

  • Chan SM, Ma TW, Chu S, et al. Droplet nuclei are generated during colonoscopy and are decreased by the use of carbon dioxide and water immersion technique. Digestive Endoscopy, 2022; 35(1): 77–85.

 

  • Gordon GSD, Warburton S, Parkes S, et al. Cytosponge procedures produce fewer respiratory aerosols and droplets than esophagogastroduodenoscopies. Diseases of the Esophagus, 2024; 37: 1–5.

Bioaerosol Exposure & Environmental Contamination in Endoscopy Suites

 

  • Ye MD, Li NN, Li W, et al. 
    Quantifying aerosol and microbial exposure of healthcare workers in endoscopy suites: a time-based study. 
    Frontiers in Public Health, 2025; 13:1634327. 

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  • Nylander D, Leeds J, Perry J, et al. 
    Bacterial contamination of endoscopist and assistant face visors during gastrointestinal endoscopy: a pilot study. 
    Frontline Gastroenterology, 2023; 14: 505–511. 

Bronchoscopy & High-Risk Aerosol-Generating Procedures 

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  • Yang J, Zha Z, Li L. 
    Assessment of the risk of aerosol transmission of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae during bronchoscopy in the intensive care unit. 
    Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 2025; 14:81. 
     

  • Zhu W, Xu Y, Chen T, Shi M. 
    Distribution characteristics of aerosol microorganisms in bronchoscopy room and the risk assessment of nosocomial infection. 
    Frontiers in Public Health, 2025; 13:1556364. 
     

  • Gómez-Sánchez N, Alcalde L, Sancho-Chust JN, et al. 
    Risk of exposure to bioaerosols in clinical environments: bronchoscopy. 
    American Journal of Infection Control (AJIC), 2025 (Article in Press). 

Infection Prevention & Control Guidance 

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  • American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) 
    Infection control during GI endoscopy. 
    Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2018. 
     

  • UK Department of Health and Social Care / NHS / Public Health Agencies 
    COVID-19: Guidance for maintaining services within health and care settings – Infection Prevention and Control recommendations. United Kingdom. 

Important Notice 

The references listed above are provided for informational purposes only. They do not constitute clinical recommendations, regulatory guidance, or claims regarding product performance. Interpretation and application of these materials should be undertaken by qualified healthcare professionals in accordance with local regulations, institutional policies, and applicable standards. 

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